ソフトウェアインストールのYUM
YumフルネームはYellowdogupdatermodifiedで、ソフトウェアをインストールする際に最も多く使用するのが最も便利で、最大のメリットは、ソフトウェアパッケージの依存関係を自動的に解決できることです.
1.yumサーバ
yumを使用してパッケージのインストールを行う場合は、yumサーバを作成する必要があります.
これは
2.repodataディレクトリの情報
3.yumのプロファイル
4.yum共通コマンド
1.インストール可能なパッケージの表示
2.インストールされているパッケージの表示
3.yumウェアハウスにインストールされていないすべてのパッケージを表示
4.アップグレード可能なパッケージを表示
5.パッケージの名前を検索し、一部のキーワードに基づいて
6.クエリーパッケージの詳細はrpm-qiに相当する
7.ファイルに基づいて所属ソフトウェアを調べる
8.インストール
9.アンインストール
10.更新
11.更新可能なパッケージのリスト
12.コンテナ数のリスト
13.yumキャッシュ情報のクリア
15.yumインストール開発グループ
16.
5.よく使うyumソース
1.
2.マクロ変数の利用
yumソースまとめ
捜狐:
163
1.yumサーバ
yumを使用してパッケージのインストールを行う場合は、yumサーバを作成する必要があります.
これは
[base] # ， ，
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com #
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os # ，
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ # ，
enable=1 # ， 0
gpgcheck=1 # rpm
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5 # $releasever: ，
$basearch: CPU ， x86_64, i386
yum ：
1. baseurl= ：
file：/// #yum ，
http:// # ，
ftp:// #ftp
， repodata ， ， 。yum 2.repodataディレクトリの情報
comps.xml filelists.sqlite.bz2
filelists.xml.gz # rpm other.sqlite.bz2
other.xml.gz # ， rpm
primary.sqlite.bz2
primary.xml.gz # yum rpm ， rpm
repomd.xml # ， rpm 3.yumのプロファイル
[root@zhu1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum #yum
keepcache=0 #
debuglevel=2 #
logfile=/var/log/yum.log #
distroverpkg=redhat-release #
tolerant=1 # ， ， ，
exactarch=1 # ，
obsoletes=1 #
gpgcheck=1 #
plugins=1 #
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/yum5bug
# Note: yum-RHN-plugin doesn't honor this.
metadata_expire=1h #
installonly_limit = 5
# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d # yum
~4.yum共通コマンド
1.インストール可能なパッケージの表示
yum list #
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list | grep vsftpd
vsftpd.i386 2.0.5-28.el5 base2.インストールされているパッケージの表示
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list installed3.yumウェアハウスにインストールされていないすべてのパッケージを表示
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list extras4.アップグレード可能なパッケージを表示
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum list updates5.パッケージの名前を検索し、一部のキーワードに基づいて
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum search vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
=========================================== Matched: vsftpd ===========================================
vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - Ftp 6.クエリーパッケージの詳細はrpm-qiに相当する
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum info vsftpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
Installed Packages
Name : vsftpd
Arch : i386
Version : 2.0.5
Release : 28.el5
Size : 289 k
Repo : installed
Summary : vsftpd - Ftp
URL : http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
License : GPL
Description: vsftpd FTP 。
: 。7.ファイルに基づいて所属ソフトウェアを調べる
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum provides /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.i386 : vsftpd - Ftp
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
vsftpd-2.0.5-28.el5.i386 : vsftpd - Ftp
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf8.インストール
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum -y install vsftpd9.アンインストール
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum -y remove vsftpd10.更新
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum update httpd11.更新可能なパッケージのリスト
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum check-update12.コンテナ数のリスト
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* addons: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* base: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* extras: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
* updates: mirrors.grandcloud.cn
repo id repo name status
addons CentOS-5 - Addons - 163.com enabled: 0
base CentOS-5 - Base - 163.com enabled: 2,770
centosplus CentOS-5 - Plus - 163.com disabled
contrib CentOS-5 - Contrib - 163.com disabled
extras CentOS-5 - Extras - 163.com enabled: 276
updates CentOS-5 - Updates - 163.com enabled: 508
repolist: 3,55413.yumキャッシュ情報のクリア
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning up Everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors15.yumインストール開発グループ
yum
(RHEL6.x)
yum -y groupinstall "DesktopPlatform Development" "Development tools" "Server Platform Development"
(RHEL5.x)
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools " "Development Libraries"16.
[root@zhu1 ~]# yum --help
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
usage: yum [options] COMMAND
List of Commands:
check-update Check for available package updates
clean Remove cached data
deplist List a package's dependencies
downgrade downgrade a package
erase Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo Display details about a package group
groupinstall Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist List available package groups
groupremove Remove the packages in a group from your system
help Display a helpful usage message
info Display details about a package or group of packages
install Install a package or packages on your system
list List a package or groups of packages
localinstall Install a local RPM
makecache Generate the metadata cache
provides Find what package provides the given value
reinstall reinstall a package
repolist Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep Determine which package provides the given dependency
search Search package details for the given string
shell Run an interactive yum shell
update Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c [config file] config file location
-R [minutes] maximum command wait time
-d [debug level] debugging output level
--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e [error level] error output level
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y answer yes for all questions
--version show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
--enableplugin=[plugin]
enable plugins by name
--skip-broken skip packages with depsolving problems
--color=COLOR control whether color is used
Plugin Options:5.よく使うyumソース
1.
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
repolist: 0
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# ll
4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87 09-28 03:27 zhu
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# mv zhu zhu.repo
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
zhu | 1.1 kB 00:00
zhu/primary | 983 kB 00:04
zhu 2770/2770
repo id repo name status
zhu zhu enabled: 2,770
repolist: 2,770
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# nl zhu.repo
1 [zhu]
2 name=zhu
3 baseurl=http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/centos/5/os/i386/
4 enable=1
5 gpgcheck=02.マクロ変数の利用
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
zhu | 1.1 kB 00:00
zhu/primary | 983 kB 00:04
zhu 2770/2770
repo id repo name status
zhu zhu enabled: 2,770
repolist: 2,770
[root@zhu1 yum.repos.d]# nl zhu.repo
1 [zhu]
2 name=zhu
3 baseurl=http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
4 enable=1
5 gpgcheck=0yumソースまとめ
#
#
(debian.ustc.edu.cn)
(ftp.stju.edu.cn)
(mirror.dlut.edu.cn)
(mirror.bjtu.edu.cn)
(mirror.bit.edu.cn)
(mirror.neu.edu.cn)
(mirrors.xmu.edu.cn)
(mirror.lzu.edu.cn)
(linux.xidian.edu.cn)
(run.hit.edu.cn)
(mirror.tju.edu.cn)
(mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn)
(mirrors.stuhome.net)
#
CMU(http://www.club.cc.cmu.edu/pub)
MIT(http://mirrors.mit.edu/)
(http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/)
(http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub)
－ (http://cosmos.cites.illinois.edu/)
(http://archive.linux.duke.edu/)
・ (http://mirrors.acm.jhu.edu/)
#
：http://mirrors.sohu.com/
：http://mirrors.163.com/捜狐:
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - sohu.com
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5163
# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Addons - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=addons
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Contrib - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5