深くlinuxの下でディレクトリツリーを巡る方法の総括分析
先日はカタログツリー全体を巡回することを実現して、関連資料を調べました。発見された元の方法は、readdir（）とlstat（）関数を使用して再帰的な遍歴を達成することであり、その後、linuxは、このような最も一般的な動作をディレクトリに対して遍歴していることがわかった。この二つの方法について具体的に説明します。1、手動で再帰的に1.1 stat()関数族stat関数を実現することは、stat、fstat及びlstat関数を含み、いずれもユーザにファイルの属性情報(メタデータ)を返すことである。
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#include <sys/stat.h>
int stat(const char*pathname,struct stat*buf);
int fstat(int filedes,struct stat*buf);
int lstat(const char *pathname,struct stat*buf);
#include <sys/stat.h>
int stat(const char*pathname,struct stat*buf);
int fstat(int filedes,struct stat*buf);
int lstat(const char *pathname,struct stat*buf);
struct stat{
mode st_mode; /* ( )*/
ino st_ino;/* i- ( )*/
dev st_dev;/* ( )*/
dev st_rdev;/* */
nlink st_nlink;/* */
uid st_uid;/* ID*/
gid st_gid;/* ID*/
off st_size;/* */
time st_atime;/* */
time st_mtime;/* */
time st_ctime;/* */
long st_blksize;/* I/O */
long st_blocks;/* 512
};
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#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int
main(int argc, char **argv){
struct stat buf;
if(stat(argv[1],&buf)) {
printf("[stat]:error!/n");
return -1;
}
printf("st_dev:%d/n",buf.st_dev);
printf("st_ino:%d/n",buf.st_ino);
printf("st_mode:%d S_ISDIR:%d/n",buf.st_mode,S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode));
printf("st_nlink:%d/n",buf.st_nlink);
printf("st_uid:%d/n",buf.st_uid);
printf("st_gid:%d/n",buf.st_gid);
printf("st_rdev:%d/n",buf.st_rdev);
printf("st_size:%d/n",buf.st_size);
printf("st_blksize:%lu/n",buf.st_blksize);
printf("st_blocks:%lu/n",buf.st_blocks);
printf("st_atime:%ld/n",buf.st_atime);
printf("st_mtime:%ld/n",buf.st_mtime);
printf("st_ctime:%ld/n",buf.st_ctime);
return 0;
}
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int
main(int argc, char **argv){
struct stat buf;
if(stat(argv[1],&buf)) {
printf("[stat]:error!/n");
return -1;
}
printf("st_dev:%d/n",buf.st_dev);
printf("st_ino:%d/n",buf.st_ino);
printf("st_mode:%d S_ISDIR:%d/n",buf.st_mode,S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode));
printf("st_nlink:%d/n",buf.st_nlink);
printf("st_uid:%d/n",buf.st_uid);
printf("st_gid:%d/n",buf.st_gid);
printf("st_rdev:%d/n",buf.st_rdev);
printf("st_size:%d/n",buf.st_size);
printf("st_blksize:%lu/n",buf.st_blksize);
printf("st_blocks:%lu/n",buf.st_blocks);
printf("st_atime:%ld/n",buf.st_atime);
printf("st_mtime:%ld/n",buf.st_mtime);
printf("st_ctime:%ld/n",buf.st_ctime);
return 0;
}
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/* We start with the appropriate headers and then a function, printdir,
which prints out the current directory.
It will recurse for subdirectories, using the depth parameter is used for indentation. */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
void printdir(char *dir, int depth)
{
DIR *dp;
struct dirent *entry;
struct stat statbuf;
if((dp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"cannot open directory: %s/n", dir);
return;
}
chdir(dir);
while((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
lstat(entry->d_name,&statbuf);
if(S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
/**//* Found a directory, but ignore . and .. */
if(strcmp(".",entry->d_name) == 0 ||
strcmp("..",entry->d_name) == 0)
continue;
printf("%*s%s//n",depth,"",entry->d_name);
/**//* Recurse at a new indent level */
printdir(entry->d_name,depth+4);
}
else printf("%*s%s/n",depth,"",entry->d_name);
}
chdir("..");
closedir(dp);
}
/**//* Now we move onto the main function. */
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *topdir, pwd[2]=".";
if (argc != 2)
topdir=pwd;
else
topdir=argv[1];
printf("Directory scan of %s/n",topdir);
printdir(topdir,0);
printf("done./n");
exit(0);
}
/* We start with the appropriate headers and then a function, printdir,
which prints out the current directory.
It will recurse for subdirectories, using the depth parameter is used for indentation. */
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
void printdir(char *dir, int depth)
{
DIR *dp;
struct dirent *entry;
struct stat statbuf;
if((dp = opendir(dir)) == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"cannot open directory: %s/n", dir);
return;
}
chdir(dir);
while((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) {
lstat(entry->d_name,&statbuf);
if(S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) {
/**//* Found a directory, but ignore . and .. */
if(strcmp(".",entry->d_name) == 0 ||
strcmp("..",entry->d_name) == 0)
continue;
printf("%*s%s//n",depth,"",entry->d_name);
/**//* Recurse at a new indent level */
printdir(entry->d_name,depth+4);
}
else printf("%*s%s/n",depth,"",entry->d_name);
}
chdir("..");
closedir(dp);
}
/**//* Now we move onto the main function. */
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
char *topdir, pwd[2]=".";
if (argc != 2)
topdir=pwd;
else
topdir=argv[1];
printf("Directory scan of %s/n",topdir);
printdir(topdir,0);
printf("done./n");
exit(0);
}
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#include <ftw.h>
int ftw(const char *dirpath,
int (*fn) (const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag),
int nopenfd);
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#include <ftw.h>
int nftw(const char *dirpath,
int (*fn) (const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag, struct FTW *ftwbuf),
int nopenfd, int flags);
#include <ftw.h>
int ftw(const char *dirpath,
int (*fn) (const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag),
int nopenfd);
#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#include <ftw.h>
int nftw(const char *dirpath,
int (*fn) (const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag, struct FTW *ftwbuf),
int nopenfd, int flags);
struct FTW
{
int base;
int level; //level
}
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#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 500
#include<ftw.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define FILEOPEN 1024
int gb_filecount;
int getMetadata(const char *dirpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag, struct FTW *ftwbuf);
int main(int argc, char ** argv){
int ret = 0;
struct stat pathbuf;
if(argc > 2){
printf("-nfwt_t:invalid arguments /n ");
return -1;
}
if(stat(argv[1],&pathbuf)){
printf("-nfwt_t:invalid dirpath:%s/n",argv[1]);
return -1;
}else{
if(0 == S_ISDIR(pathbuf.st_mode)){
printf("-nfwt_t:/"%s/" is not dirpath/n",argv[1]);
return -1;
}
}
gb_filecount=0;
ret = nftw(argv[1],getMetadata,FILEOPEN,FTW_PHYS);
if(ret<0){
printf("-nftw:[wrong:%d]ntfw search %d files/n",ret,gb_filecount);
return -1;
}else{
printf("-nftw:[done:%d]trasvers in %s search %d files/n",ret,argv[1],gb_filecount);
return 0;
}
}
int
getMetadata(const char *dirpath, const struct stat *sb,int typeflag, struct FTW *ftwbuf){
printf("num:%d path:%s ",++gb_filecount,dirpath);
printf("st_dev:%d ",(*sb).st_dev);
printf("st_ino:%d ",(*sb).st_ino);
printf("st_mode:%d S_ISDIR:%d ",(*sb).st_mode,S_ISDIR((*sb).st_mode));
printf("st_nlink:%d ",(*sb).st_nlink);
printf("st_uid:%d ",(*sb).st_uid);
printf("st_gid:%d ",(*sb).st_gid);
printf("st_rdev:%d ",(*sb).st_rdev);
printf("st_size:%d ",(*sb).st_size);
printf("st_blksize:%lu ",(*sb).st_blksize);
printf("st_blocks:%lu ",(*sb).st_blocks);
printf("st_atime:%ld ",(*sb).st_atime);
printf("st_mtime:%ld ",(*sb).st_mtime);
printf("st_ctime:%ld ",(*sb).st_ctime);
printf("typeflag:%d ",typeflag);
printf("FTW_base:%d FTW_level:%d /n",(*ftwbuf).base,(*ftwbuf).level);
return 0;
}