SQLベース01
4023 ワード
SQLとは
簡単な制約:
時計を作る
挿入データ(insert)
書式:
統計
SQL(structured query language):
SQL
SQL , ,
, ( ,CRUD) , SQL
Create , Retrive, Update, Delete
SQLでよく使われるキーワード select、insert、update、delete、from、create、where、desc、order、by、group、table、alter、view、index
SQLの文の種類 (DDL:Data Definition Language)
(DML:Data Manipulation Language)
(DQL:Data Query Language)
DQL where,order by,group by having
SQLでの制約簡単な制約:
① not null
② unique
③ default
例:create table t_dog (id integer, name test not null unique,age integer not null default 60);
メインキー:Primary Key, PK ,
t_dog id ,
メインキー制約の理由を追加: ,
キーの設計原則: ①
②
③
④
キーの宣言: Primary Key
:create table t_dog (id integer primary key,name text, age integer);integer id t_dog
( integer ), autoincrement
:create table t_dog(id integer primary key autoincrement,name text,age integer);
DDL文時計を作る
:create table ( 1 1, 2 2, …) ;
:create table t_dog (id integer, name text, age inetger, score real) ;
:
, ,
create table if not exists ( 1 1, 2 2, …) ;
DML文挿入データ(insert)
:insert into ( 1, 2, …) values ( 1 , 2 , …) ;
:insert into t_student (name, age) values (‘zs’, 10) ;
: ’
データの更新(udate) :update set 1 = 1 , 2 = 2 , … ;
:update t_student set name = ‘zs’, age = 20 ;
: t_student name zs,age 20
データを削除(delete) :delete from ;
:delete from t_dog ;
: t_student
DQL文書式:
select 1, 2, … from ;
select * from ; //
例: select name, age from t_dog ;
select * from t_dog ;
select * from t_dog where age > 10 ; //
条件文 : , DML
条件文の一般的な書式 where = ; // =
where is ; // is =
where != ;
where is not ; // is not !=
where > ;
where 1 = and 2 > ; // and C &&
where 1 = or 2 = ; // or C ||
条件文の練習 :
① t_dog 10 zs , 5
update t_dog set age = 5 where age > 10 and name != ‘zs’ ;
② t_dog li ,score age
update t_dog set score = age where name = ‘li’ ;
関連語句の照会統計
count(X)
select count(*) from t_student
select count(age) from t_student
age (Null )
avg(X):
sum(X):
max(X):
min(X):
並べ替え: order by
select 1, 2 from order by ;
select * from t_student order by age ;
( ), ( )
select * from t_student order by age desc ; //
select * from t_student order by age asc ; // ( )
select * from t_student order by age asc, height desc ;
( ), ( )
limit改ページ limit , 10
select * from limit 1, 2 ;
:select * from t_student limit 4, 8 ;
: 4 , 8
改ページ limit , 5 ,
1 :limit 0, 5
2 :limit 5, 5
3 :limit 10, 5
n :limit 5*(n-1), 5
:select * from t_student limit 7 ;
select * from t_student limit 0, 7 ;
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