ANDROID CONTEXT

What is context?

Android Developers - Context
Interface to global information about an application environment. This is an abstract class whose implementation is provided by the Android system. It allows access to application-specific resources and classes, as well as up-calls for application-level operations such as launching activities, broadcasting and receiving intents, etc.

/* Example : Access to application-specific resources */
@BindingAdapter("foo")
fun SomeView.foo(var: Baz) {
	var?.let {
    		target = function(arg1, arg2, context.resources)
       }
 }

How to get context?

getApplicationContext()

public abstract Context getApplicationContext()

Return the context of the single, global Application object of the current process. This generally should only be used if you need a Context whose lifecycle is separate from the current context, that is tied to the lifetime of the process rather than the current component.
Difference and when to use getApplication(), getApplicationContext(), getBaseContext() and someClass.this
Two types of context available in the Android :

Application Context

Activity Context

Application context is attached to the Application's life-cycle and will always be same throughout the life of application. So if you are using Toast , you can use application context or even activity context(both) because a Toast can be raised from anywhere with in your application and is not attached to a window.Activity context is attached to the Activity's life-cycle and can be destroyed if the activity's onDestroy() is raised. If you want to launch a new activity, you must need to use activity's context in its Intent so that the new launching activity is connected to the current activity(in terms of activity stack). However, you may use applications's context too to launch a new activity but then you need to set flag Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK in intent to treat it as a new task.

Common

someActivity.this though its referring to your own class which extends Activity class but the base class (Activity) also extends Context class, so it can be used to offer activity context.getApplication() though its referring to Application object but the Application class extends Context class, so it can be used to offer application context.getApplicationContext() offers application context.getBaseContext() offers activity context.

Tips

Whenever you need to manipulate Views then go for Activity-Context, else Application-Context would be enough.

More

Log.i(tag, "${this == getBaseContext()}"}  false
Log.i(tag, "${getApplication() == getApplicationContext()}") true

Additional Intel

StackOverFlow :
What is 'Context' on Android?
Difference between getContext() , getApplicationContext() , getBaseContext() and “this”
SemiColonWorld :
getApplication() vs getApplicationContext()