Sql Serverシリーズ:データテーブル操作
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テーブルは、データを格納し、操作するための論理構造であり、データを組織および格納するために使用され、リレーショナル・データベース内のすべてのデータがテーブルの形式で表現され、データ・テーブルは行と列から構成されます.SQL Serverのデータテーブルはテンポラリ・テーブルと永続テーブルに分けられ、テンポラリ・テーブルはtempdbシステム・データベースに格納され、SQL Serverを使用しないか終了すると、テンポラリ・テーブルは自動的に削除されます.永続テーブルは、ユーザーが削除しない限り、作成後もデータベース・ファイルに存在します.
データテーブルを作成する2つの方法:(1)オブジェクトエクスプローラによって作成する;(2)Transact-SQL文で作成する.
1 Transact-SQL作成テーブル
データテーブルを作成する2つの方法:(1)オブジェクトエクスプローラによって作成する;(2)Transact-SQL文で作成する.
1 Transact-SQL作成テーブル
1.1構文
CREATE TABLE
[ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name
( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition>
| <column_set_definition> }
[ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] )
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup
| "default" } ]
[ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ]
[ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup
| "default" } ]
[ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ; ]
<column_definition> ::=
column_name <data_type>
[ FILESTREAM ]
[ COLLATE collation_name ]
[ NULL | NOT NULL ]
[
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ]
| [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
]
[ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ]
[ SPARSE ]
<data type> ::=
[ type_schema_name . ] type_name
[ ( precision [ , scale ] | max |
[ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ]
<column_constraint> ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] )
]
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
| filegroup | "default" } ]
| [ FOREIGN KEY ]
REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
}
<computed_column_definition> ::=
column_name AS computed_column_expression
[ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ]
[
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
]
| [ FOREIGN KEY ]
REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
| filegroup | "default" } ]
]
<column_set_definition> ::=
column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS
< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{
{ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
(column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] )
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
|WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
]
[ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name)
| filegroup | "default" } ]
| FOREIGN KEY
( column [ ,...n ] )
REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
}
<table_option> ::=
{
DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
[ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
[ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<index_option> ::=
{
PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF }
| FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF }
| STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF }
| ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF}
| ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF}
| DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
[ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
[ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<range> ::=
<partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>
2 Transact-SQL修正表
2.1構文
ALTER TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name
{
ALTER COLUMN column_name
{
[ type_schema_name. ] type_name
[ (
{
precision [ , scale ]
| max
| xml_schema_collection
}
) ]
[ COLLATE collation_name ]
[ NULL | NOT NULL ] [ SPARSE ]
| {ADD | DROP }
{ ROWGUIDCOL | PERSISTED | NOT FOR REPLICATION | SPARSE }
}
| [ WITH { CHECK | NOCHECK } ]
| ADD
{
<column_definition>
| <computed_column_definition>
| <table_constraint>
| <column_set_definition>
} [ ,...n ]
| DROP
{
[ CONSTRAINT ]
{
constraint_name
[ WITH
( <drop_clustered_constraint_option> [ ,...n ] )
]
} [ ,...n ]
| COLUMN
{
column_name
} [ ,...n ]
} [ ,...n ]
| [ WITH { CHECK | NOCHECK } ] { CHECK | NOCHECK } CONSTRAINT
{ ALL | constraint_name [ ,...n ] }
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGER
{ ALL | trigger_name [ ,...n ] }
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } CHANGE_TRACKING
[ WITH ( TRACK_COLUMNS_UPDATED = { ON | OFF } ) ]
| SWITCH [ PARTITION source_partition_number_expression ]
TO target_table
[ PARTITION target_partition_number_expression ]
[ WITH ( <low_lock_priority_wait> ) ]
| SET ( FILESTREAM_ON =
{ partition_scheme_name | filegroup | "default" | "NULL" }
)
| REBUILD
[ [PARTITION = ALL]
[ WITH ( <rebuild_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
| [ PARTITION = partition_number
[ WITH ( <single_partition_rebuild_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
]
]
| <table_option>
| <filetable_option>
}
[ ; ]
2.2例
表の変更新規列の追加ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ADD [UnitPrice] DECIMAL(18,2) NULL
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ADD [UnitsInStock] INT NULL, [UnitsOnSale] INT NULL
列の変更ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ALTER COLUMN [ProductName] VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
列の削除ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] DROP COLUMN [UnitPrice]
3 Transact-SQL削除テーブル
3.1文法
DROP TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ]
table_name [ ,...n ]
[ ; ]
4表の操作例
データベース内のすべてのテーブルの表示USE [Portal]
GO
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
GO
INFORMATION_SCHEMAは、システム・データベースおよびそのコンテンツに関するメタデータを表示するための特定のアクセス・パスです.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS、INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA.
表のプロパティの表示
ストアドプロシージャsp_helpの機能は、任意のデータベース・オブジェクト、ユーザー定義データ型、またはSQL Serverデータ型の情報を表示することです.
ストレージ・プロシージャsp_の実行helpの構文:EXEC sp_help <name>
Productテーブルのプロパティを表示するには、次の手順に従います.EXEC sp_help Product
CREATE TABLE
[ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name
( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition>
| <column_set_definition> }
[ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] )
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup
| "default" } ]
[ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ]
[ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup
| "default" } ]
[ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ; ]
<column_definition> ::=
column_name <data_type>
[ FILESTREAM ]
[ COLLATE collation_name ]
[ NULL | NOT NULL ]
[
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ]
| [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
]
[ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ]
[ SPARSE ]
<data type> ::=
[ type_schema_name . ] type_name
[ ( precision [ , scale ] | max |
[ { CONTENT | DOCUMENT } ] xml_schema_collection ) ]
<column_constraint> ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| WITH ( < index_option > [ , ...n ] )
]
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
| filegroup | "default" } ]
| [ FOREIGN KEY ]
REFERENCES [ schema_name . ] referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
}
<computed_column_definition> ::=
column_name AS computed_column_expression
[ PERSISTED [ NOT NULL ] ]
[
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
]
| [ FOREIGN KEY ]
REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
[ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name )
| filegroup | "default" } ]
]
<column_set_definition> ::=
column_set_name XML COLUMN_SET FOR ALL_SPARSE_COLUMNS
< table_constraint > ::=
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{
{ PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
[ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
(column [ ASC | DESC ] [ ,...n ] )
[
WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
|WITH ( <index_option> [ , ...n ] )
]
[ ON { partition_scheme_name (partition_column_name)
| filegroup | "default" } ]
| FOREIGN KEY
( column [ ,...n ] )
REFERENCES referenced_table_name [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
[ ON DELETE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ ON UPDATE { NO ACTION | CASCADE | SET NULL | SET DEFAULT } ]
[ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
| CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ( logical_expression )
}
<table_option> ::=
{
DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
[ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
[ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<index_option> ::=
{
PAD_INDEX = { ON | OFF }
| FILLFACTOR = fillfactor
| IGNORE_DUP_KEY = { ON | OFF }
| STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = { ON | OFF }
| ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = { ON | OFF}
| ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS ={ ON | OFF}
| DATA_COMPRESSION = { NONE | ROW | PAGE }
[ ON PARTITIONS ( { <partition_number_expression> | <range> }
[ , ...n ] ) ]
}
<range> ::=
<partition_number_expression> TO <partition_number_expression>
2.1構文
ALTER TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name
{
ALTER COLUMN column_name
{
[ type_schema_name. ] type_name
[ (
{
precision [ , scale ]
| max
| xml_schema_collection
}
) ]
[ COLLATE collation_name ]
[ NULL | NOT NULL ] [ SPARSE ]
| {ADD | DROP }
{ ROWGUIDCOL | PERSISTED | NOT FOR REPLICATION | SPARSE }
}
| [ WITH { CHECK | NOCHECK } ]
| ADD
{
<column_definition>
| <computed_column_definition>
| <table_constraint>
| <column_set_definition>
} [ ,...n ]
| DROP
{
[ CONSTRAINT ]
{
constraint_name
[ WITH
( <drop_clustered_constraint_option> [ ,...n ] )
]
} [ ,...n ]
| COLUMN
{
column_name
} [ ,...n ]
} [ ,...n ]
| [ WITH { CHECK | NOCHECK } ] { CHECK | NOCHECK } CONSTRAINT
{ ALL | constraint_name [ ,...n ] }
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGER
{ ALL | trigger_name [ ,...n ] }
| { ENABLE | DISABLE } CHANGE_TRACKING
[ WITH ( TRACK_COLUMNS_UPDATED = { ON | OFF } ) ]
| SWITCH [ PARTITION source_partition_number_expression ]
TO target_table
[ PARTITION target_partition_number_expression ]
[ WITH ( <low_lock_priority_wait> ) ]
| SET ( FILESTREAM_ON =
{ partition_scheme_name | filegroup | "default" | "NULL" }
)
| REBUILD
[ [PARTITION = ALL]
[ WITH ( <rebuild_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
| [ PARTITION = partition_number
[ WITH ( <single_partition_rebuild_option> [ ,...n ] ) ]
]
]
| <table_option>
| <filetable_option>
}
[ ; ]
2.2例
表の変更新規列の追加
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ADD [UnitPrice] DECIMAL(18,2) NULL
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ADD [UnitsInStock] INT NULL, [UnitsOnSale] INT NULL
列の変更
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] ALTER COLUMN [ProductName] VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
列の削除
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Product] DROP COLUMN [UnitPrice]
3 Transact-SQL削除テーブル
3.1文法
DROP TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ]
table_name [ ,...n ]
[ ; ]
4表の操作例
データベース内のすべてのテーブルの表示USE [Portal]
GO
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
GO
INFORMATION_SCHEMAは、システム・データベースおよびそのコンテンツに関するメタデータを表示するための特定のアクセス・パスです.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS、INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA.
表のプロパティの表示
ストアドプロシージャsp_helpの機能は、任意のデータベース・オブジェクト、ユーザー定義データ型、またはSQL Serverデータ型の情報を表示することです.
ストレージ・プロシージャsp_の実行helpの構文:EXEC sp_help <name>
Productテーブルのプロパティを表示するには、次の手順に従います.EXEC sp_help Product
DROP TABLE [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ]
table_name [ ,...n ]
[ ; ]
データベース内のすべてのテーブルの表示
USE [Portal]
GO
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
GO
INFORMATION_SCHEMAは、システム・データベースおよびそのコンテンツに関するメタデータを表示するための特定のアクセス・パスです.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS、INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA.
表のプロパティの表示
ストアドプロシージャsp_helpの機能は、任意のデータベース・オブジェクト、ユーザー定義データ型、またはSQL Serverデータ型の情報を表示することです.
ストレージ・プロシージャsp_の実行helpの構文:
EXEC sp_help <name>
Productテーブルのプロパティを表示するには、次の手順に従います.
EXEC sp_help Product