HTTPリクエストを生成する
41321 ワード
HTTPie より簡単な構文でHTTPリクエストを作るためのコマンドラインユーティリティです.面白い特徴は
--offline HTTP RAWリクエストテキストを出力するフラグ.クライアントはHTTPリクエストをサーバに送り、サーバはリクエストに応答する.それはcurl .HTTP構文
HTTP Flow and syntrax from Wikipedia.
A client sends request messages to the server, which consist of
- a request line, consisting of the case-sensitive request method, a space, the request target, another space, the protocol version, a carriage return, and a line feed (e.g. GET /images/logo.png HTTP/1.1)
- zero or more request header fields, each consisting of the case-insensitive field name, a colon, optional leading whitespace, the field value, and optional trailing whitespace (e.g. Accept-Language: en), and ending with a carriage return and a line feed.
- an empty line, consisting of a carriage return and a line feed;
- an optional message body.
- In the HTTP/1.1 protocol, all header fields except Host are optional.
- A request line containing only the path name is accepted by servers to maintain compatibility with HTTP clients before the HTTP/1.0 specification in RFC 1945.
ポストを通して、私は使用します
--offline HTTPリクエスト構造がどのように教育目的を探すかを理解する機能.🉑 JSON応答データのみを受け入れる🉑
: 端末のキーと値を分離する.Accept:application/json . Accept header tells the server, the client accepts only specific MIME types, here JSON . $http --offline httpbin.org/get Accept:application/json
GET /get HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Host: httpbin.org
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
# Sample request sent to the server
$ http httpbin.org/get Accept:application/json
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 310
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 07:21:40 GMT
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
{
"args": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "application/json",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "HTTPie/2.5.0",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-61629484-3b25a3631e2a89bf60f2600e"
},
"origin": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/get"
}
Accept コンマで区切られたヘッダ.Content-Type JSONとしてサーバはAccept ヘッダ.📚 の要求タミル語バージョン📚
Accept-Language header instructs the web server to deliver particluar language version of the page. Accept-Language がta . ta is ISO 639-1 code. $http --offline https://duckduckgo.com Accept-Language:ta
GET / HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: ta
Connection: keep-alive
Host: duckduckgo.com
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
$http https://duckduckgo.com Accept-Language:ta
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Cache-Control: no-cache
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'none' ; connect-src https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ https://duck.co ; manifest-src https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; media-src https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; script-src blob: https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' ; font-src data: https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; img-src data: https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; style-src https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ 'unsafe-inline' ; object-src 'none' ; worker-src blob: ; child-src blob: https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; frame-src blob: https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ ; form-action https://duckduckgo.com https://*.duckduckgo.com https://3g2upl4pq6kufc4m.onion/ https://duckduckgogg42xjoc72x3sjasowoarfbgcmvfimaftt6twagswzczad.onion/ https://spreadprivacy.com/ https://duck.co ; frame-ancestors 'self' ; base-uri 'self' ; block-all-mixed-content ;
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Sat, 09 Oct 2021 21:44:33 GMT
ETag: W/"6161a338-16b8"
Expect-CT: max-age=0
Expires: Sat, 09 Oct 2021 21:44:32 GMT
Permissions-Policy: interest-cohort=()
Referrer-Policy: origin
Server: nginx
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1;mode=block
<!DOCTYPE html>
...
<body id="pg-index" class="page-index body--home">
<script type="text/javascript" src="/tl5.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/l123.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/locale/ta_IN/duckduckgo50.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/util/u588.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/d3012.js"></script>
...
<noscript>
<div class="tag-home">
<div class="tag-home__wrapper">
<div class="tag-home__item">
Privacy, simplified.
<span class="hide--screen-xs"><a href="/about" class="tag-home__link"> மேலும் கற்க</a></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</noscript>
...
</html>
q=0.5 値の間の重みを表します.例:Accept-Language: ta,fr;q=0.50 . மேலும் கற்க . 🔑 ログインの一部としてのポスト認可トークン🔑
Authorization header can be used to provide credentials to authenticate the user . Authorization:"Bearer my-dear-darkness" . $http --offline POST httpbin.org/auth Authorization:"Bearer my-dear-darkness"
POST /auth HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Authorization: Bearer my-dear-darkness
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 0
Host: httpbin.org
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
🍪 リクエストの一部としてクッキーを送信する🍪
Cookie header carries the cookies previously sent by the user. "name=not-unique;value=23"$http --offline http://pie.dev/cookies Cookie:"name=not-unique;value=23"
GET /cookies HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: name=not-unique;value=23
Host: dev.pie
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
$http http://pie.dev/cookies Cookie:"name=not-unique;value=23"
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
CF-RAY: 69be1b984c743c0c-BLR
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 07:24:13 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=2Zt9wQcKQYStY5dPukoEXFwn7K6pKNaVTiKljZ5h9oL3mcQZj0khYq8Kmzo8PmQinPncStZeHASetQqHzCODe0wbrljPEIJxCWGdRWMbry9rWOG%2FBheDvJs7"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400, h3-28=":443"; ma=86400, h3-27=":443"; ma=86400
{
"cookies": {
"name": "not-unique",
"value": "23"
}
}
✉️ JSONリクエストを送信する✉️
= JSONキー値ペアを示す記号です.= のようなプリミティブ値に便利ですnumber, string, null, boolean . lang-py$http --offline PUT http://pie.dev/put lang=py version=3.10
PUT /put HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 33
Content-Type: application/json
Host: pie.dev
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
{
"lang": "py",
"version": "3.10"
}
$HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
CF-RAY: 69be1e017fb53c12-BLR
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 07:25:52 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=GMW5PQHMwjxpVUeDG7uWo6M%2FiKLMzmQLd1e5BIG3AXljmuQgwCP9nzrFPdaidR2wL14eisfiViDhumDHpepgNB6yIrsVKXRybHa5tRqmH7lUDoQdRqCK1Ijg"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400, h3-28=":443"; ma=86400, h3-27=":443"; ma=86400
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"lang\": \"py\", \"version\": \"3.10\"}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "application/json, */*;q=0.5",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Cdn-Loop": "cloudflare",
"Cf-Connecting-Ip": "49.207.222.139",
"Cf-Ipcountry": "IN",
"Cf-Ray": "69be1e017fb53c12-FRA",
"Cf-Visitor": "{\"scheme\":\"http\"}",
"Connection": "Keep-Alive",
"Content-Length": "33",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "pie.dev",
"User-Agent": "HTTPie/2.5.0"
},
"json": {
"lang": "py",
"version": "3.10"
},
"origin": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxx",
"url": "http://pie.dev/put"
}
✉️ 非プリミティブJSON値を送信する✉️
:= JSON値が非プリミティブ値であることを意味しますarray/list and dictionary . os:='["GNU/Linux", "Mac OSX"]' .$http --offline PUT http://pie.dev/put lang=py version=3.10 os:='["GNU/Linux", "Mac OSX"]'
PUT /put HTTP/1.1
Accept: application/json, */*;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 65
Content-Type: application/json
Host: pie.dev
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
{
"lang": "py",
"os": [
"GNU/Linux",
"Mac OSX"
],
"version": "3.10"
}
$http PUT http://pie.dev/put lang=py version=3.10 os:='["GNU/Linux", "Mac OSX"]'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
CF-RAY: 69be224ce97c3c0c-BLR
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 07:28:48 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=dgY0R%2FqomBbumKs0IVB7GjPR2chhHJ9wVKAzW33IOnvZ%2Fs4l2LYnvKKeXo6Xhd162AYKGzyIrK4pNrYdH8SEs1NvGmYfJqEDIPmfUOELqpC6HK9iP1zIENa0"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400, h3-28=":443"; ma=86400, h3-27=":443"; ma=86400
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"lang\": \"py\", \"version\": \"3.10\", \"os\": [\"GNU/Linux\", \"Mac OSX\"]}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "application/json, */*;q=0.5",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Cdn-Loop": "cloudflare",
"Cf-Connecting-Ip": "49.207.222.139",
"Cf-Ipcountry": "IN",
"Cf-Ray": "69be224ce97c3c0c-FRA",
"Cf-Visitor": "{\"scheme\":\"http\"}",
"Connection": "Keep-Alive",
"Content-Length": "65",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "pie.dev",
"User-Agent": "HTTPie/2.5.0"
},
"json": {
"lang": "py",
"os": [
"GNU/Linux",
"Mac OSX"
],
"version": "3.10"
},
"origin": "xx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
"url": "http://pie.dev/put"
}
📤 ファイルのアップロード📤
-f フラグはデータがフォームエンコードされた値であることを示します.@ シンボルがファイルであることを示します.[email protected] . cv フォームフィールド名.$cat hello-world.txt
hello-world
$http --offline -f POST pie.dev/post name='Krace' [email protected]
POST /post HTTP/1.1
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 277
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=183f70d3da41432d95bcd839e2cc20e2
Host: pie.dev
User-Agent: HTTPie/2.5.0
--183f70d3da41432d95bcd839e2cc20e2
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"
Krace
--183f70d3da41432d95bcd839e2cc20e2
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="cv"; filename="hello-world.txt"
Content-Type: text/plain
hello-world
--183f70d3da41432d95bcd839e2cc20e2--
$ http -f POST pie.dev/post name='Krace' [email protected]
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
CF-RAY: 69be2564a8fc3c0c-BLR
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Encoding: gzip
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 07:30:54 GMT
NEL: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=yNaTSZJ7ouYH%2FSJZw6LIR5vNl6KNTFeDKF1u8V60abb3ClKLzdOj0zkchcIAWqTvZDbxXm5MnffDkCLdqviMQuAo7DqFA2GH%2Bm%2FiZ6sH90oOr0HyFGAuS4Gp"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
Server: cloudflare
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
access-control-allow-credentials: true
access-control-allow-origin: *
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400, h3-28=":443"; ma=86400, h3-27=":443"; ma=86400
{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {
"cv": "hello-world\n"
},
"form": {
"name": "Krace"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip",
"Cdn-Loop": "cloudflare",
"Cf-Connecting-Ip": "49.207.222.139",
"Cf-Ipcountry": "IN",
"Cf-Ray": "69be2564a8fc3c0c-FRA",
"Cf-Visitor": "{\"scheme\":\"http\"}",
"Connection": "Keep-Alive",
"Content-Length": "277",
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=252c6fcd1dcc40e09de54958660d672d",
"Host": "pie.dev",
"User-Agent": "HTTPie/2.5.0"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxx",
"url": "http://pie.dev/post"
}
🐈 生成されたリクエストの確認方法🐈
Netcat TCPまたはUDPを使用してネットワーク接続でデータを送受信するためのユーティリティです.Netcatは、ホスト名、ポート、および本文を引数として受け取り、サーバーに送信し、応答を表示します.
$http --offline PUT http://httpbin.org/put lang=py version=3.10 os:='["GNU/Linux", "Mac OSX"]' | nc httpbin.org 80
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 08:27:58 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 631
Connection: keep-alive
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
{
"args": {},
"data": "{\"lang\": \"py\", \"version\": \"3.10\", \"os\": [\"GNU/Linux\", \"Mac OSX\"]}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "application/json, */*;q=0.5",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Content-Length": "65",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "HTTPie/2.5.0",
"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-6162a40e-34b9a83f40868b4a73e8fa09"
},
"json": {
"lang": "py",
"os": [
"GNU/Linux",
"Mac OSX"
],
"version": "3.10"
},
"origin": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/put"
}
❓How to understand what HTTP request the client sends to the server?
— kracekumar || கிரேஸ்குமார் (@kracetheking)
💡Use HTTPie--offlinefeature to print the HTTP request.
Details on how to send various HTTPie options in the blog post - https://t.co/mIEG2FpBkP pic.twitter.com/kBvfc9QQAt
参考文献
Reference
この問題について(HTTPリクエストを生成する), 我々は、より多くの情報をここで見つけました https://dev.to/kracekumar/generate-http-request-576kテキストは自由に共有またはコピーできます。ただし、このドキュメントのURLは参考URLとして残しておいてください。
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