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正の整数に適用
template 
inline void scan_d(T &ret) 
{
    char c; 
    ret = 0;
    while ((c = getchar()) < '0' || c > '9');
    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
    { 
        ret = ret * 10 + (c - '0'), c = getchar();
    }
}

正負の整数
template 
inline bool scan_d(T &ret) 
{
    char c; 
    int sgn;
    if (c = getchar(), c == EOF) 
    {
        return 0; //EOF 
    }
    while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || c > '9')) 
    {
        c = getchar(); 
    }
    sgn = (c == '-') ? -1 : 1;
    ret = (c == '-') ? 0 : (c - '0'); 
    while (c = getchar(), c >= '0' && c <= '9') 
    {
        ret = ret * 10 + (c - '0'); 
    }
    ret *= sgn;
    return 1;
}

template 
inline void print_d(T x) 
{ 
    if (x > 9) 
    {
        print_d(x / 10); 
    }
    putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}

じゅんすうじ
int Scan()
{   //        
    int res = 0, flag = 0;  
    char ch;  
    if ((ch = getchar()) == '-') 
    {   
        flag = 1;  
    }    
    else if(ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') 
    {
        res = ch - '0'; 
    }
    while ((ch = getchar()) >= '0' && ch <= '9')  
    {
        res = res * 10 + (ch - '0');  
    }
    return flag ? -res : res;  
}  

void Out(int a) 
{   //        
    if (a < 0) 
    {
        putchar('-');
        a = -a;
    }  
    if (a >= 10)
    {
       Out(a / 10);  
    }
    putchar(a % 10 + '0');  
}  

int main() 
{  
    int T, n;  
    scanf ("%d", &T);  
    while (T--) 
    {  
        n = Scan();  
        Out(n);  
        printf("
");  
    }  
    return 0;  
}

より効率的
struct FastIO
{
    static const int S = 100 << 1;

    int wpos;
    char wbuf[S];

    FastIO() : wpos(0) {}

    inline int xchar()
    {
        static char buf[S];
        static int len = 0, pos = 0;

        if (pos == len)
        {
            pos = 0;
            len = (int)fread(buf, 1, S, stdin);
        }
        if (pos == len)
        {
            return -1;
        }

        return buf[pos++];
    }

    inline int xint()
    {
        int s = 1, c = xchar(), x = 0;
        while (c <= 32)
        {
            c = xchar();
        }
        if (c == '-')
        {
            s = -1;
            c = xchar();
        }
        for (; '0' <= c && c <= '9'; c = xchar())
        {
            x = x * 10 + c - '0';
        }

        return x * s;
    }

    ~FastIO()
    {
        if (wpos)
        {
            fwrite(wbuf, 1, wpos, stdout);
            wpos = 0;
        }
    }
} io;

超神読込挂
#include
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include  
#include   
#include   
#include   
#include   
#include    
#include      
#include      
using namespace std;
 
namespace IO{ 
    #define BUF_SIZE 100000 
    #define OUT_SIZE 100000 
    #define ll long long 
    //fread->read 
 
    bool IOerror=0; 
    inline char nc(){ 
        static char buf[BUF_SIZE],*p1=buf+BUF_SIZE,*pend=buf+BUF_SIZE; 
        if (p1==pend){ 
            p1=buf; pend=buf+fread(buf,1,BUF_SIZE,stdin); 
            if (pend==p1){IOerror=1;return -1;} 
            //{printf("IO error!
");system("pause");for (;;);exit(0);} 
        } 
        return *p1++; 
    } 
    inline bool blank(char ch){return ch==' '||ch=='
'||ch=='\r'||ch=='\t';} 
    inline void read(int &x){ 
        bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; 
        for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); 
        if (IOerror)return; 
        if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); 
        for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; 
        if (sign)x=-x; 
    } 
    inline void read(ll &x){ 
        bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; 
        for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); 
        if (IOerror)return; 
        if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); 
        for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; 
        if (sign)x=-x; 
    } 
    inline void read(double &x){ 
        bool sign=0; char ch=nc(); x=0; 
        for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); 
        if (IOerror)return; 
        if (ch=='-')sign=1,ch=nc(); 
        for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())x=x*10+ch-'0'; 
        if (ch=='.'){ 
            double tmp=1; ch=nc(); 
            for (;ch>='0'&&ch<='9';ch=nc())tmp/=10.0,x+=tmp*(ch-'0'); 
        } 
        if (sign)x=-x; 
    } 
    inline void read(char *s){ 
        char ch=nc(); 
        for (;blank(ch);ch=nc()); 
        if (IOerror)return; 
        for (;!blank(ch)&&!IOerror;ch=nc())*s++=ch; 
        *s=0; 
    } 
    inline void read(char &c){ 
        for (c=nc();blank(c);c=nc()); 
        if (IOerror){c=-1;return;} 
    } 
    //fwrite->write 
    struct Ostream_fwrite{ 
        char *buf,*p1,*pend; 
        Ostream_fwrite(){buf=new char[BUF_SIZE];p1=buf;pend=buf+BUF_SIZE;} 
        void out(char ch){ 
            if (p1==pend){ 
                fwrite(buf,1,BUF_SIZE,stdout);p1=buf; 
            } 
            *p1++=ch; 
        } 
        void print(int x){ 
            static char s[15],*s1;s1=s; 
            if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; 
            while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; 
            while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); 
        } 
        void println(int x){ 
            static char s[15],*s1;s1=s; 
            if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; 
            while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; 
            while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); out('
'); 
        } 
        void print(ll x){ 
            static char s[25],*s1;s1=s; 
            if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; 
            while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; 
            while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); 
        } 
        void println(ll x){ 
            static char s[25],*s1;s1=s; 
            if (!x)*s1++='0';if (x<0)out('-'),x=-x; 
            while(x)*s1++=x%10+'0',x/=10; 
            while(s1--!=s)out(*s1); out('
'); 
        } 
        void print(double x,int y){ 
            static ll mul[]={1,10,100,1000,10000,100000,1000000,10000000,100000000, 
                1000000000,10000000000LL,100000000000LL,1000000000000LL,10000000000000LL, 
                100000000000000LL,1000000000000000LL,10000000000000000LL,100000000000000000LL}; 
            if (x=0.5)++x1; 
            ll x2=x1/mul[y],x3=x1-x2*mul[y]; print(x2); 
            if (y>0){out('.'); for (size_t i=1;i>t;
    while(t--)
        solve();
    return 0;
}

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