python-リストとメタグループ

1. python ，            (sequence).
                 ----      ，     (      0  ，    )

2.  
            ，      ，      。

   test = ['test hello',36]
   print test[0]  #resuslt is 'test hello'
   print test[1]  #result is 36
   print test    #result is ['test hello',36]


   test = ['test hello',40]
   value = ['value hello',30]
   new = [test, value]
   print new #restulst [['test hello',40],['value hello',30]]

     ：      ，               。          。
                        ，        （   ）


2.1.      。
                     ，    (index),  (slicing), (adding), (multplying)
                  。              ，                

    2.1.1  (index)
    test = 'hello'
    print test[0] #resutl is h

        (       )
    print test[-1]   #resuslt is o

                 ：
    test = raw_input("Year: ")[3] #input 2016
    print test  #     test         6



        ：
    months = [
        'January',
        'Febuary',
        'March',
        'April',
        'May',
        'June',
        'July',
        'August',
        'September',
        'October',
        'November',
        'Decmber'
    ]
    #  1-31           
    endings = ['st','nd','rd'] + 17 * ['th']\
             +['st','nd','rd'] + 7 * ['th']\
             +['st']
    year = raw_input("Year: ") 1974
    month = raw_input("Month (1-12): ") 8
    day  = raw_input('Day(1-31): ') 16

    #         -1，      
    month_name = months[month_number -1]
    ordinal = day + endings[day_number -1]
    print month_name +' '+ ordinal + ' '+ year


   2.1.2.  
                  ，                 。
                    

    test = 'http://www.perl.org'

    print test[11:15] #reulst is perl
    print test[11:-4]  #result is perl ,         

    test = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
    print test[3:6]  #resutl is 4,5,6
    print test[-3:-1] #resutl is 8,9,10

         
    test=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
    print test[0:10:1] #          0:10 result si 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,19
    print test[1:10:2] #   0:10,       ，result is 1,3,5,7,9
    print test[1:10:4]  # result is 1,5,9

            
    print test[8:3:-1] # 9,8,7,6,5

    2.1.3.    

    [1,2,3] + [4,5,6]  #result is [1,2,4,5,6]
    'hello' + 'world' #result is helloworld

    2.1.4.  (    )
    'perl' * 5  #'perlperlperlperlperl'

    [6] * 5 # result is [6,6,6,6,6]

          []  

    None   python   ，          #perl    undef，        ，    

    2.1.5.    (   )
    test = 'hello'
    'h' in test  #result is True
    'w' in test  #result is False

    test = ['laomeng','wang','lisi'] 
    raw_input('Enter your name: ') in test
    #laomeng result is True

   2.1.6.    ，        
      len(),
      min(),
      max()

      test=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
      len(test)  #result is 7
      minx(test)  #result is 1
      max(test)   #result is 7


 3.  
           --         ，          ，     

   3.1.1.list()  
      list()            ，       
         
     list('hello') 
      ['h','e','l','l','o']

   3.1.2.    
   test =['abc','abd','abe','abf']
   del test[2]  #       

   3.1.3.    
   test = list('Perl')  #'P','e','r','l'

   test[2:] = list('ar') #result is 'P','e','a','r'
   test=[1,5]
   test[1:1] =[2,3,4]  #result is ['1,2,3,4,5]

       
   test =[1,2,3,4,5]
   test[1:4]=[] #result is [1,5]

 3.2.    
  test =[1,2,3]

  3.2.1.append             
  test = [1,2,3,4]
  append.test[5]  #resut is [1,2,3,4,5]

   perl        
  my @test = qw(1 2 3 4);
  push @test,5;
  print "@test
";  #result is 1 2 3 4 5

  3.2.2.count              
  test = ['a','b','a','b','a','d']
  test.count('a')  # result is 3

  3.2.3.extend              
  test = [1,2,3,4,5]
  b=[5,7,8]
  test.extend(b)  #rest 1,2,3,4,5,5,7,8

 3.3.4.index                
 test =['abc','abd','abe','abf','abg']
 test.index('abe')  #result is 2

 3.3.5.insert            
 test = [1,2,3,4,5]
 test.insert(3,'hello') #result is 1,2,3,'hello',4,5

 3.3.6.pop            ，         ,pop      
 test = [1,2,3,4,5]
 test.pop()   #result is 1,2,3,4

 test.append(pop()) #result is 1,2,3,4,5

 3.3.7.remove               
 test =['a','b','c','d']
 test.remove('a')  #result is b,c,d

 3.3.8.reverse      
 x=[1,2,3,4]
 x.reverse()  #result is 4,3,2,1

 x = 'hello'
 x.list(reverse()) #result is o,l,l,h

 3.3.9.sort       
 x=[4,6,2,1,7,9];
 x.sort()  #result is 1,2,4,6.7,9


 y =x[:]  #:         
 y.sort()  #result is 1,2,4,6.7,9

4.  ：       
1,2,3  #restult is (1,2,3)
()    #   

4.1.1.tulpe     list         
tulpe([1,2,3])  #result is (1,2,3)

4.1.2       
x = 1,2,3
x[1]  #result is 2
x[0:2] #result is 1,2


  ：
    ：       ，           ( 0  ).
               ，   ，  。           
                  。                   (  )，           
                    。

         。in                  。