Linux運維実訓day 2
5478 ワード
Linuxのインストールと導入
shell基礎構文
Bashの基本特性
命令補完
コマンドショートカット
履歴コマンド
#
[root@server ~]# date
#
[root@hd ~]# date
2019 06 22 19:12:04 CST
#
[root@server ~]# useradd
tls
[root@hd ~]# useradd tls
#
[root@server ~]#cat /etc/passwd
#
[root@hd ~]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
tls:x:1000:1000::/home/tls:/bin/bash
# 100 , shell script
for n in `seq 100`;do
useradd test$n && \
echo " test$n "
done
[root@hd ~]# for n in `seq 100`;do
> useradd test$n && \
> echo " test$n "
> done
test1
test2
.......
#
[root@server ~]# bash user.sh
'root' = login user name
'@' =
'server' = hostname
'~' = working directory,'~'
'$' =
'#' = root ( )
:dl_wh_web_01.hs.com
#
[root@server ~]# whoami
[root@hd ~]# whoami
root
#
[root@server ~]# echo $PS1
root:
server:
~:
#: (root )
$:
#
[root@hd ~]# echo $PS1
[\u@\h \W]\$
PS1
\d : , weekday month date, :"Mon Aug 1"
\H :
\h :
\t : 24 , :HH:MM:SS
\T : 12
\A : 24 :HH:MM
\u :
\v :BASH
\w :
\W : basename ,
\# :
\$ : , root , # , $
#
30 40
31 41
32 42
33 43
34 44
35 45
36 46
37 47
#
[root@hd ~]# PS1='\[\[[\u@\h \w \t]\$ \[\e[0m\]'
[root@hd ~ 20:01:05]#
shell基礎構文
bash shell, ,
#
command [-options] [arguments]
[root@server ~]# ls //
[root@server ~]# ls -l // +
[root@server ~]# ls -l /home/ // + +
# : shell
# :
# '-' ( ), ”-a“
# '--' ( ), ”--all“
# , ”-“ , ”-la“
# : , 、
# ,
[root@hd ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg user.sh
[root@hd ~]# ls -l
8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1275 6 18 09:22 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 93 6 22 19:51 user.sh
[root@hd ~]# ls -l /home/
0
drwx------ 2 tls tls 62 6 22 19:14 tls
Bashの基本特性
命令補完
tab
,
[root@server ~]# yum install -y bash-completion
#
http://vault.centos.org/
コマンドショートカット
Ctrl + a(home) #
Ctrl + e(end) #
Ctrl + w # bash
Ctrl + c #
Ctrl + d # shell ,ctrl-d shell。(logout、exit)
Ctrl + z # ,
Ctrl + l # , clear 。
Ctrl + k #
Ctrl + u #
Ctrl + r # ,
Ctrl + s #
Ctrl + q #
Ctrl + # (Xshell )
ESC + . #
履歴コマンド
: , , , , , :
-w: write
-c: , clear
-d: N delete
#
[root@server ~]# history
[root@hd ~]# history
1 sed -ri '/(UUID|HWADDR)/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
2 sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
3 systemctl disable firewalld
4 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
5 ls
6 mkdir bak
7 ls
8 mv CentOS-* bak/
.......
#
[root@server ~]# history -c
[root@hd ~]# history -c
[root@hd ~]# history
1 history
#
[root@server ~]# history -d
#
[root@hd ~]# history -d 2
[root@hd ~]# history
1 sed -ri '/(UUID|HWADDR)/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
2 systemctl disable firewalld
3 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
4 ls
5 mkdir bak
6 ls
7 mv CentOS-* bak/
#
[root@server ~]# history -w
#
[root@server ~]# !!
[root@hd ~]# !!
history
1 sed -ri '/(UUID|HWADDR)/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
2 systemctl disable firewalld
3 cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
......
# ls
[root@server ~]# !ls
[root@hd ~]# !ls
ls /boot/
config-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 initramfs-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.img
efi symvers-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.gz
grub System.map-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
grub2 vmlinuz-0-rescue-44427be481944bc487868b5f1c0cc533
initramfs-0-rescue-44427be481944bc487868b5f1c0cc533.img vmlinuz-3.10.0-957.el7.x8
# n
[root@server ~]# !n
# 4
[root@hd ~]# !4
ls
anaconda-ks.cfg done useradd