GitPython git pythonの開発ライブラリ

工事住所:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/GitPython/インストール先インストールが必要:gitdbhttps://pypi.python.org/pypi/gitdbGitPythonは、モジュールオブジェクトを使用してgit構成ライブラリにアクセスします.倉庫操作

      
    from git import *
    repo = Repo(repo_path)
    assert repo.bare == False

    
    repo = Repo.init(repo_path,bare=True)
    assert repo.bare == True

            /   heads/tags/remotes          
    repo.config_reader() #            
    repo.config_writer() #          

      、               
    repo.is_dirty()  #     
    repo.untracked_files    #           

            
    cloned_repo = repo.clone(to/this/path)
    new_repo = repo.init(path/for/new/repo)

データベース・オブジェクト

repo            ，repo                。

GitDB

       ，GitDB         ，      2 5 
repo = Repo('path/to/repo',odbt=GitDB)

GitCmdObjectDB

  git-cat-file         ，       ，      GitDB  。
repo = Repo('path/to/repo',odbt=GitCmdObjectDB)

参照アクションのインスタンス

head  
    heads = repo.heads
    master = heads.master #lists can be accessed by name for convenience
    master.commit #the commit pointed to by head called master
    master.rename('new_name') #rename heads
tag(tag      )   commit tag     
    tags = repo.tags
    tagref = tags[0] #tag     tag  ，       
    tagref.commit #tag      commit
    repo.delete_tag(tagref) #    tag
    repo.create_tag('my_tag') #    tag
          commit      
    head = repo.head        #the head points to the active branch/ref
    master = head.reference #but they always point to commits
    master.commit   #from here you use it as any other reference

  reflog
    log = master.log()
    log[0]  #first reflog entry
    log[-1] #last reflog entry
    
      、           
    repo.delete_head('master') #delete an existing head
    master = repo.create_head('master')  #create a new one
    master.commit = 'HEAD~10'   #set branch to another commit without changing index or working tree
      、  tags
    new_tag = repo.create_tag('my_tag','my message')
    repo.delete_tag(new_tag)
          
    new_branch = repo.craete_head('new_branch')
    repo.head.reference = new_branch

git      
    git        git    。          、      、        20       SHA1 。
    git     Blobs、Trees、Commits and Tags
    git          ，         git        ，           。
        hc = repo.head.commit
        hct = hc.tree
        hc != hct
        hc != repo.tags[0]
        hc == repo.head.reference.commit
    git       
        hct.type
        hct.size
        hct.hexsha
        hct.binsha
            git   ，     Trees/Blobs Submodules ,             。
        hct.path    #root tree has no path
        hct.trees[0].path #the first subdirectory has one though
        hct.mode    #trees have the mode of a linux directory
        hct.blobs[0].mode #blobs have a specific mode though compareable to a standard linux fs
      stream  blob             
        hct.blobs[0].data_stream.read() #stream object to read data from 
        hct.blobs[0].stream_data(open("blob_data","w")) #write data to given stream

Commit  
    commit      commit   。               commit  
        repo.commit('master')
        repo.commit('v0.1')
        repo.commit('HEAD~10')
      100     100commit
        repo.iter_commits('master',max_count=100)
        
          21-30   
        repo.iter_commits('master',max_count=10,skip=20)

        headcommit = repo.head.commit
        headcommit.hexsha
        headcommit.parents
        headcommit.author
        headcommit.tree
        headcommit.committer
        headcommit.committed_date
        headcommit.message
         
        import time
        time.asctime(time.gmtime(headcommit.committed_date))  #'Web May 7 05:56:02 2013'
        tiem.strftime("%a,%d %b %Y %H:%M",time.gmtime(headcommit.committed_date)) #'Web,7 May 2013 05:56'
      commit  
        headcommit.parents[0].parents[0].parents[0].parents[0]
           master^^^^   master~4

Tree  
    tree           。  master        tree  
        tree = repo.heads.master.commit.tree
      tree          
        tree.trees  #trees are subdirectories
        tree.blobs  #blobs are files
            tree  
        tree[0] = tree['dir']  #access by index and by sub-path
        blob = tree[0][0]
        blob.name
        blob.path
        blob.abspath
                        
        tree/"lib"
        tree/"dir/file" == blob
        tree           git      
        repo.tree() #  <git.Tree "master">
        repo.tree("c1c7214dde86...")
        repo.tree('0.1.6')
      tree  
        tree.traverse()
        for entry in tree.traverse():do_something_with(entry)
      tree           ，      head commit

    
    git        commit       。                
        index = repo.index
      、  、    ，Commit  :
        for stage,blob in index.iter_blobs():do_something(...)  #Access blob object
        for (path,stage),entry in index.entries.iteritems: pass #Access the entries directly
        index.add(['my_new_file'])   #add a new file to the index
        index.remove(['dir/existing_file'])
        new_commit = index.commit("my commit message")
       tree  merge     
        tmp_index = Index.from_tree(repo,'HEAD~1') #load a tree into a temporary index
        merge_index = Index.from_tree(repo,'base','HEAD','some_branch') #merge two trees three-way
        merge_index.write('merged_index')
    
                  ，     push fetch  
        test_remote = repo.create_remote('test','git@server:repo.git')
        repo.delete_remote(test_remote) # create and delete remotes
        origin = repo.remotes.origin #get default remote by name
        origin.refs  #local remote reference
        o = origin.rename('new_origin') #rename remotes
        o.fetch()   #fetch,pull and push from and to the remote 
        o.pull()
        o.push()
            
        o.url
          
        o.config_writer.set('pushurl','other_url')
   

    
        index Trees  Index working tree   trees trees  trees working copy 
        hcommit = repo.head.commit
        idiff = hcommit.diff()  #diff tree against index
        tdiff = hcommit.diff('HEAD~1')  #diff tree against previous tree
        wdiff = hcommit.diff(None)  #diff tree against working tree

        index = repo.index
        index.diff() #diff index agginst itself yielding empty idff
        index.diff(None) #diff index against working copy
        index.diff('HEAD') #diff index against current HEAD tree
                   Diff    ，                    
    for diff_added in wdiff.iter_change_type('A'): do_something_with(diff_added)

    
         ，     HEAD     ，  index    
        repo.head.reference = repo.heads.other_branch
        repo.head.reset(index=True,working_tree=True)
                            ，        
        repo.heads.master.checkout() #checkout the branch using git-checkout 
        repo.heads.other_branch.checkout()
    git 
      git    git  
        git = repo.git
        git.checkout('head',b='my_new_branch')  #default command
        git.for_each_ref()  #'-' becomes '_' when calling it