pythonベース(8):パッケージ、継承、マルチステート

基礎(八)

オブジェクト向け

特徴

パッケージ例

1.構造関数

2.ろ過装飾器

継承例

1. EmployeeとProgramerクラスオーダー継承

2. Employee、Programer、HR類の多継承は混乱しやすい

マルチステート例

オブジェクト向け
とくせい
カプセル化、継承、マルチステート
パッケージの例
1.解析関数
c++には似たような概念があり、repr関数はオブジェクトを出力する際にすべての情報を出力しない

class Book:
    count = 0
    #def __init__(self,title,price = 0.0,author=None,count = 0):
    ##    
    def __init__(self, title, price=0.0, author=None):
        self.title = title
        self.price = price
        self.author = author
        Book.count += 1
    ##    ，      
    def __del__(self):
        Book.count -= 1

    ##            
    def __repr__(self):
        return ''.format(self.title,id(self))
    ##     
    def __str__(self):
        return '[BOOK{},PRICE{}]'.format(self.title,self.price)

    def print_info(self):
        print(self.title,self.price,self.author)

    def cls_method(cls):
        print('   ')


    def static_method():
        print('    ，        ')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    book = Book('python base',price = 20,author = 'Tom')
    #Book.count += 1
    book2 = Book('Flask')
   # Book.count += 1
    book3 = Book('ASP.net')
    #Book.count += 1

    del(book3)

    print(Book.count)
    Book.cls_method(book)
    Book.static_method()

2種類の関数静的関数を出力し、論理的にインスタンスに関係なく
2.フィルター装飾器
property,setter,deleter

import datetime

class Student:

    def __init__(self,name,birthdate):
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate

    @property
    ##  ,       
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    @age.setter
    ##   
    def age(self,value):
        raise AttributeError('      ！')

    @age.deleter
    def age(self):
        raise ArithmeticError('      ')


    # def get_age(self):
    #     return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = Student('Tom',datetime.date(1992,3,1))
    print(s.birthdate)
    print(s.age)

    s.birthdate = datetime.date(1996,8,26)
    print(s.birthdate)
    print(s.age)

出力1992-03-01 27 1996-08-26 23

変更年齢エラー

import datetime

class Student:

    def __init__(self,name,birthdate):
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate

    @property
    ##  ,       
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    @age.setter
    ##   
    def age(self,value):
        raise AttributeError('      ！')

    @age.deleter
    def age(self):
        raise ArithmeticError('      ')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = Student('Tom',datetime.date(1992,3,1))
    print(s.birthdate)
    print(s.age)

    s.birthdate = datetime.date(1996,8,26)
    s.age = 20
    print(s.birthdate)
    print(s.age)

出力Traceback(most recent call last):1992-03-01 File「F:/teacher/pythonbasetry/day 7/Test.py」、line 33、in s.age=20 27 File「F:/teacher/pythonbasetry/day 7/Test.py」、line 17、in age raise AttributeError(‘付与年齢禁止!’)AttributeError:付与年齢禁止!
継承例
1.EmployeeとProgramerクラスオーダーの継承

import datetime

class Employee:
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary):
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate
        self.department = department
        self.salary = salary

    def give_raise(self,percent,bonus=.0):
        self.salary = self.salary * (1 + percent + bonus)

    @property
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    def __repr__(self):
        return ''.format(self.name)

    def working(self):
        print ('   : {}   ing'.format(self.name))


class Programer(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary,specialty,project):
        ##  
        super().__init__(name,birthdate,department,salary)
        self.specialty = specialty
        self.project = project

    def working(self):
        print('   ：{}    :{}'.format(self.name,self.project))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = Programer('kitty',datetime.date(1996,8,26),'tech',8000,'python','cv')
    print(p)
    print(p.department)
    print(p.birthdate)
    print(p.salary)
    p.give_raise(.2,.1)
    print(p.salary)
    p.working()
    print(p.age)

出力tech 1996-08-26 8000 10400.0プログラム猿:kitty開発:cv 23注:superでパラメータの順序がreturn datetimeを誤報することに注意する.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year AttributeError:‘str’object has no attribute‘year’はパラメータ順序が間違っているため
2.Employee、Programer、HR類の多継承は混乱しやすい

import datetime

class Employee:
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary):
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate
        self.department = department
        self.salary = salary

    def give_raise(self,percent,bonus=.0):
        self.salary = self.salary * (1 + percent + bonus)

    @property
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    def __repr__(self):
        return ''.format(self.name)

    def working(self):
        print ('   : {}   ing'.format(self.name))

class Programer(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary,specialty,project):
        ##  
        super().__init__(name,birthdate,department,salary)
        self.specialty = specialty
        self.project = project

    def working(self):
        print('   ：{}    :{}'.format(self.name,self.project))

class HR(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary,level = 1):

        ##      supersuper().__init__()
        Employee.__init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary)
        self.level = level
    def working(self):
        print('  :{}  ing'.format(self.name))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    p = Programer('kitty',datetime.date(1996,8,26),'tech',8000,'python','cv')
    print(p)
    print(p.department)
    print(p.birthdate)
    print(p.salary)
    p.give_raise(.2,.1)
    print(p.salary)
    p.working()
    print(p.age)

    hr = HR('haha',datetime.date(1992,8,22),'  ',9000,2)
    hr.working()

マルチステートの例
同じタイプの異なるインスタンスが同じメッセージに対して異なる応答を行う

は、関連

を含む.

import datetime

class Department:
    def __init__(self,department,phone,manager):
        self.department = department
        self.phone = phone
        self.manager = manager

    def __repr__(self):
        return '  :{}'.format(self.department)


class Employee:
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department:Department,salary):
        self.name = name
        self.birthdate = birthdate
        self.department = department
        self.salary = salary

    def give_raise(self,percent,bonus=.0):
        self.salary = self.salary * (1 + percent + bonus)

    @property
    def age(self):
        return datetime.date.today().year - self.birthdate.year

    def __repr__(self):
        return ''.format(self.name)

    def working(self):
        print ('   : {}   ing'.format(self.name))

class Programer(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary,specialty,project):
        ##  
        super().__init__(name,birthdate,department,salary)
        self.specialty = specialty
        self.project = project

    def working(self):
        print('   ：{}    :{}'.format(self.name,self.project))

class HR(Employee):
    def __init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary,level = 1):
		##      supersuper().__init__()
        Employee.__init__(self,name,birthdate,department,salary)
        self.level = level
    
    def working(self):
        print('  :{}  ing'.format(self.name))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    dep = Department('tech','010','Lily')
    #department use dep
    p = Programer('kitty',datetime.date(1996,8,26),dep,8000,'python','cv')
    p.give_raise(.2,.1)
    print(p.salary)
    print(p.department)
    print(p.department.phone)