dockerバイナリファイルを使用してインストール

1、ダウンロードhttps://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
2,解凍,tar xzvf docker-18.03.1-ce.tgz
3、バイナリファイルを/usr/binディレクトリにコピー
cp docker/*/usr/bin/
4、インストールの有無を確認する

docker version

Client:
 Version:      18.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.2
 Git commit:   9ee9f40
 Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:12:25 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm


Server:
 Engine:
  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.5
  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:03 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

5,dockerを構成する.サービスファイル
vi/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

6,dockerdサービスプロセスの開始

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker.service

7、検査

# ps aux|grep docker
root      2262  0.1  4.4 472948 44944 ?        Ssl  16:38   0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd
root      2266  0.2  1.3 277032 13540 ?        Ssl  16:38   0:01 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
root      2895  0.0  0.0 112660   972 pts/0    S+   16:48   0:00 grep --color=auto docker

# docker run hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/